Sources 1. Definition attributed to John Jordan, Executive Director, BC Digital September 2022. https://ffnews.com/newsarticle/multi-country- Trust Service, Province of British Columbia and Executive Director, consortium-comes-together-to-launch-pan-european-payments- Trust Over IP Foundation. pilot-for-eu-digital-id-wallet/ 2. Don Tapscott, “Toward a Universal Digital Wallet,” Blockchain Research 12. https://diacc.ca/pctf-digital-wallet/ Institute, November 2020, pp 5-13. https://blockchain 13. “UK digital identity and attributes trust framework-beta version,” researchinstitute.org/project/toward-a-universal-digital-wallet/ policy paper, Department for Digital, Culture, Media & Sport, 3. “The Global Payments Report 2022,” Worldpay from FIS, 2022, p 154. 13 June 2022. https://gov.uk/government/publications/ https://worldpay.globalpaymentsreport.com/en uk-digital-identity-attributes-trust-framework-updated-version/ 4. “The Global Payments Report 2022,” Worldpay from FIS, 2022, pp 7, 11. uk-digital-identity-and-attributes-trust-framework-alpha-version-2. https://worldpay.globalpaymentsreport.com/en 14. https://norden.org/en/publication/nordic-digital-identification-eid 5. John Rampton, “Top 101 Digital Wallet Companies,” Due. 15. “Unique Identification Authority of India: A Unique Identity for the com blog, updated 17 January 2022. https://due.com/blog/ People,” UIAI brochure, 3 July 2022. https://uidai.gov.in/images/ top-101-digital-wallet-companies Aadhaar_Brochure_July_22.pdf 6. Darrell O’Donnell, “The Current and Future State of Digital Wallets,” 16. “’Adhaar’ most sophisticated ID programme in the world: World Continuum Loop, 28 April 2019. www.continuumloop.com/ Bank,” daijiworld.com, 16 March 2017. https://daijiworld.com/news/ wp-content/uploads/2022/02/The-Current-and-Future-State-of- newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=442948 Digital-Wallets-v1.0-FINAL.pdf 17. Aditya Tarar, ”Aadhaar News Update: UID has reached 90 percent of the 7. “The Chainalysis 2022 Crypto Crime Report,” Chainalysis, February 2022, p country’s population, Aadhaar has become necessary in many services,” 3. https://go.chainalysis.com/2022-crypto-crime-report.html Hindustan News Hub, 4 September 2022. https://hindustannewshub. 8. “E-commerce Losses to Online Payment Fraud to Exceed $48 Billion com/tech-news/aadhaar-news-update-uid-has-reached-90- Globally in 2023, as Fraud Incursions Evolve.” Juniper Research, press percent-of-the-countrys-population-aadhaar-has-become- release, 12 October 2022. necessary-in-many-services/ 9. “E-commerce Losses Owing to Digital Fraud Set to Exceed $489 BN 18. Comment from Sanjay Jain at Open Wallet Foundation roundtable, World Wide,” News 24 Broadcast India, 12 October 2022. https:// Dublin, 14 September 2022. news24online.com/business/e-commerce-losses-owning-to-digital- 19. Vyjayanti T. Desai, Matthias Witt, Kamya Chandra, and Jonathan fraud-set-to-exceed-48-bn-world-wide/44413/ Marskell, “Counting the uncounted: 1.1 billion people without IDs,” World 10. “European Digital Identity Wallet Call for Tenders,” European Bank blog, 6 June 2017. https://blogs.worldbank.org/digital- Commission, 12 June 2022. https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/ development/counting-uncounted-11-billion-people-without-ids funding/european-digital-identity-wallet 20. Telephone interview with Gordon Graham, 14 October 2022. 11. “Multi-country Consortium Comes Together to Launch Pan-European 21. Telephone interview with Gordon Graham, 14 October 2022. Payments Pilot for EU Digital ID Wallet.” Fintech Finance News, 14 22. Telephone interview with Gordon Graham, 30 September 2022. WHY THE WORLD NEEDS AN OPEN SOURCE DIGITAL WALLET RIGHT NOW 14