Contents Foreword ..........................................................................................................................4 Overview ...........................................................................................................................5 How popular are digital wallets? .............................................................................................................................. 7 Drawbacks of today’s digital wallets ................................................................8 Vendor lock-in with no interoperability................................................................................................................8 Questionable security ...........................................................................................................................................................8 Intrusive business models ................................................................................................................................................8 Black-box design ....................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Limited capabilities ................................................................................................................................................................ 9 Not ready for prime time .................................................................................................................................................... 9 Wallet projects around the world ..............................................................................................................................9 But who’s coordinating all these projects? .................................................................................................. 10 We’ve been here before .................................................................................................................................................. 10 What the world needs now ..................................................................................11 Appendix A: Design principles of the OWF software engine ............12 About the author .......................................................................................................13 Sources ........................................................................................................................... 14