demonstrates the different market approaches and priorities that There are a number of challenges exist within the global technology landscape and supports our in developing a standard previous observation that the importance of different attributes of open standards varies by region. All standards development efforts face challenges at some point in their formation, advancement, or implementation. Challenges Regardless of the region or type of organization, organizations related to licensing, management, and control of IPR are common derive value from standards in one or more ways. In order to concerns, particularly in RAND projects. Indeed, three of the four maximize that value, organizations should carefully assess the challenges in FIGURE 9 are specifically aligned with character- benefits and limitations of standards and take proactive steps to istics of non-open standards, while the fourth challenge (resolving identify the most suitable approach for their specific needs and technical disputes) is common across all standards projects. The market objectives. necessary characteristics of open standards as identified in our FIGURE 9 RESTRICTIVE STANDARDS HAVE SIGNIFICANT BARRIERS TO ADOPTION Which of the following do you consider to be barriers to the widespread adoption of a standard? (select all that apply) Con�id�ntiality r�quir�m�nt� and limiting 58% participation in th� d�v�lopm�nt proc��� Th� tim�, compl�xity, and co�t o� 51% lic�n�ing ����ntial pat�nt� Lack o� control about th� dir�ction�, chang��, 43% and �upport in privat� d�v�lopm�nt R��olving di�put�� on 42% t�chnical �l�m�nt� Non� o� th� abov� 6% Don't kno� or not �ur� 3% 2023 STATE OF OPEN STANDARDS SURVEY, Q32 (TABLE A33), SAMPLE SIZE = 421, VALID CASES = 421, TOTAL MENTIONS = 850. THE 2023 STATE OF OPEN STANDARDS EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ON THE TRANSITION TO OPEN STANDARDS 22